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This location was the last place Jimmy Hoffa was seen before his disappearance in 1975. I love all of the components to this salad and it looks fantastic! The location in Bloomfield Township had been the Machus Red Fox of Jimmy-Hoffa-was-last-seen-here fame for more than 30 years when Vicari's Andiamo Restaurant Group took it over and. We served them with chilled plates and forks. And then, according to Burnsteins source, Hoffas body was given to Rolland McMaster. The next day, he was reported as a missing person. Gracious Dining Without Extravagance It was the crown jewel among Machus Enterprises' chain of restaurants and bakeries. I just can't believe it," said Joe Vicari, who opened the Andiamo Ristorante at Telegraph and Maple roads 20 years ago this month. During the summer of 2019, Shawn offered me a consulting contract to work with Fox on a new angle of the Hoffa project, which I had originally developed five years earlier. I have family in Canton! On December 4, 1975, federal prosecutors called, among others, Briguglio and Andretta, along with their brothers, before a federal grand jury in Detroit. 59 No. July 30, 1975: Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the Machus Red Fox parking lot in Bloomfield Township. Hoffa disappeared on July 30, 1975, after he had gone out to the meeting with Provenzano and Giacalone. 3. Our team captain was Beaux Carson of Carson Signature Films, a trusted friend of mine since the early 1990s and a specialist in life-rights arrangements. A Twitter List by candgnews . Tips & recipes for fool-proof baked goods. The restaurant was opened in 1965 by Machus' father, Harris O. Machus. cache 6h 0m Cappola was extremely upset because Fox had inconvenienced and embarrassed him. We are a directory of community added historical locations, paranormal locations, and locations of the unexplained. Cant wait to try this at home! Now the Red Fox served a different exclusive salad. On July 30, 1975, Hoffa left the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant, in Bloomfield, Michigan, but his carthis 1974 Pontiacdid not. However, when Carson contacted the Department of Transportation to make the necessary arrangements, an agency official told him that we needed a permit, which would take more time than expected. Nervously worried, he walks to a nearby payphone to call his wife and let her know that he had apparently been . Almost immediately, again with Cappolas approval, Carsons agent, Richard Lawrence, opened negotiations with Ari Mark, the co-founder of the award-winning production company and showrunner Ample Entertainment. And the only person Frank told and showed the exact location was me. 11th August. The restaurant's address is 6676 Telegraphand the phone number is 248-865-9300. Jimmy Hoffa While many wealthy and socially elite chose Machus Red Fox for their dinner venue, Jimmy Hoffa was perhaps the restaurant's most regular celebrity patron. Instead, it was on state property, regulated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, which controlled everything on and under the Pulaski Skyway. The disappearance of Jimmy Hoffa, a mystery that has gripped the American imagination for . The location is now the site of a chain Italian restaurant, Andiamo. On that hot summer afternoon 46 years ago this month, Jimmy Hoffa stood outside the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, just north of Detroit, waiting for a meeting with two Mafia figures, New Jersey labor racketeer Anthony Provenzano, a capo in the Vito Genovese crime family, and Anthony Giacalone, a feared mobster with the Between 2:15 and 2:30 p.m., an annoyed Hoffa called his wife from a payphone on a post in front of Damman Hardware, directly behind the Machus Red Fox, and complained that Giacalone had not shown up and that he had been stood up.His wife told him she had not heard from anyone. So, just to be clear, the only person in the world who actually knew what happened to Hoffa was Franks late father, Paul Cappola. After Jimmy Hoffa's father, a cool miner, died, Hoffa left school to go to work in a Detroit warehouse. But you could easily scale it down. 20ms. And so will mine. Confirming what Cappola had stated under oath, I was relieved to see that the actual location of Hoffas remains under the Pulaski Skyway was a few hundred feet beyond the EPAs eastern perimeter. Shortly after admission, he was put on a ventilator and in a drug-induced coma. fresh mozzarella and sweet onion balsamic syrup, basil infused olive oil. The FBI estimates that Hoffa left the location without a struggle around 2:452:50 p.m. One witness reported seeing Hoffa in the back of a maroon Lincoln or Mercury car with three other people. All three denied any role in the Hoffa murder conspiracy. Machus Red Fox Restaurant (Where Hoffa Disappeared) Description James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa (born February 14, 1913 - disappeared July 30, 1975, declared legally dead July 30, 1982) was an American labor union leader. machus red fox from jimmy hoffa posted in history by ratsnamgod. The menu selection was wide. Make sure the salad and dressing are well-chilled. It was his enthusiastic reporting, featuring Sheeran as Hoffas killer, that supercharged interest in the project, adopted by Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro with their great-cinema-but-terrible-history motion picture. Bloomfield. VIEW: MENUS GALLERY HAPPENINGS BANQUET HOURS. Ram's Horn Restaurant. 64 No. Truth be told, though, just five months after the July 1975 killing, the FBI was the first to legitimize this theory. Sly Fox. Vicari credits the late Aldo Ottaviani for much of the company's success. In response, my team stepped aside, allowing Fox to take the lead on the GPR and with the state of New Jersey. The red onion is NOT sliced into a thick round as your pic shows. Thank you. Jimmy Hoffa was last seen standing outside the restaurant on July 30, 1975. At this quick but friendly interview, during which I sat at the table while Shawn, who was both contrite and charming, asked his questions, Cappola did not give any details about the specific location of Hoffas unmarked grave at PJP. Prices are a hoot too! Hoffa would be 102 years old today. Yum! Dan E. Moldea, author of the 1978 book The Hoffa Wars who has been on Hoffas trail since his disappearance was first announced believes this moment could come soon with the anticipated recovery of the ex-Teamsters bosss remains. Almost freezing. Also, one of McMasters top associates, Jim Shaw, was a long-haul driver for Gateway. After 47 years and not much to go on Jimmy Hoffa, full name James Riddle Hoffa, (born February 14, 1913, Brazil, Indiana, U.S.disappeared July 30, 1975, Bloomfield Hills, near Detroit, Michigan), American labour leader who served as president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1957 to 1971 and was one of the most controversial labour organizers of his time, body has finally . Although I was extremely interested in pursuing this new lead, Frank Cappola did not agree to speak with me until the following September. This restaurant is no longer open so this is a piece of history as noted belowrare..since how many menus get printed for a restaurant??? And I was upset with Fox for putting me in such an awkward position with Cappola. Wells also heard a portion of their conversation, which was clearly about Provenzanos scheduled afternoon meeting with Hoffa on July 30, as well as the need for McMaster and Barr to have well-established alibis. When Hoffa left prison, Linteau had also become Hoffas unofficial appointment secretary and arranged a dinner meeting between Hoffa and the Giacalone brothers on July 26 in which they had informed him of the July 30 meeting. In a small jar or container with a tight fitting lid, add the sugar, vinegar and olive oil. . 6676 Telegraph Rd. Secure the lid and shake well until the sugar has dissolved. During those seven years, Moscato, whom I liked and respected, told me, among other things, that Picardo basically had it right, adding that a) In Act One, Hoffa was picked up at the Red Fox and delivered to the scene of the crime by Vito Giacalone, Tony Giacalones younger brother; b) In Act Two, Hoffa was indeed murdered by Sal Briguglio; and c) Hoffa was shipped to New Jersey, via Gateway, and buried at his dump in Jersey City where the FBI had conducted a cursory search in December 1975. THANK YOU in advance for your support! On March 20, 2020 four days after Cappola died and after our other story had completely faded Shawn published a lengthy article, featuring Cappola and touting his information about Hoffas unmarked grave at PJP. In 1996 the restaurant closed and an Italian restaurant ("Andiamo") was opened in the same place; Harris Machus himself died in 2001. Delivery & Pickup Options - 211 reviews of Andiamo- Bloomfield Hills "We got in late traveling and needed to get something to eat. They also sold it in the bakery attached to the back. "Twenty years went by so fast. Notify me via e-mail if anyone answers my comment. Ottaviani's rule, Vicari said, was to buy the best products possible and make the dishesfresh every day. Im eager to look on your blog to see if you have recipes with VernorsYou know, Michigan penicillin! Classic Cobb Salad $5.95+. There have been many fruitless searches for his body in recent years, including one that ended June 20, 2013, after the FBI spent three days combing a 1-acre site in Oakland Township near Buell and Adams roads. West Bloomfield board approves condo development on Walnut Lake Road. Serves: 4 / Preparation time: 10 minutes / Total time: 15 minutes. Bettmann Archive via Getty Images, FILE A salad once served at the Red Fox in Bloomfield, Michigan is a simple chopped salad with tomatoes, red onion, roquefort, crumbled bacon and a light sweet dressing. Editors note: Since July 30, 1975, the law enforcement community on the federal, state and local levels, along with an army of investigative journalists, have attempted to crack open the Jimmy Hoffa murder case. Hoffa was never seen again; his remains were never found. It was served on a chilled plate with a chilled fork and you were required to mention that when placing it in front of the customer. The FBI was looking for Hoffas remains based on information provided by Donovan Wells, a former business partner of McMaster and Barr. You can find Machus Red Fox at directions 6676 Telegraph Rd, Bloomfield Twp, MI 48301, USA. but trust me, it really works. But it didn't uncover human remains. Clapp, Collector's Guide To Children's Books 1850-1950, Hobbies The Magazine For Collectors Vol. So Im only guessing here, but I think this is the restaurants house salad and I can totally see why. Nevertheless, he added, "We're only as good as our last meal, and we always strive to give everybody the wow factor when they come in and dine with us.". To mark its 20th, the Maple-Telegraph Andiamo Ristorante is offering customers free coviglia, a half-frozen Neapolitan dessert, for the entire month. We so enjoyed our secret stash! I want to serve salad to a group of 25 women. Mar 12, 2014 - Address--6676 Telegraph Rd. The restaurant was opened in 1965 by Machus' father, Harris O. Machus. Meet first class vendors: Salons, DJs, photobooth companies, limousines, chapels, florists, linen companies, and more! To his credit, despite our disagreements, Shawn frequently included me in his filmed reports, using me as his designated contrarian. and special occasions we enjoyed at Machus Red Fox! Shawns filmed reports embraced the thesis of Brandts work that Frank Sheeran, Hoffas loyal friend and ally, had killed the ex-Teamsters boss. And now the solution to one of the biggest mysteries of the 20th century might be at hand. So, led by Beaux Carson, our team began planning for the ground-penetrating-radar analysis of the site identified by Cappola. And I protected him as I would any of my prized sources. However, Frank Cappola had stated in his sworn declaration: [B]ecause of my fathers decision to bury Hoffas body off the PJP property, it is possible, even probable, that the grave was not affected by the EPA cleanup. and was never heard from again. Although I believed for years that the crime scene of Hoffas murder was either at McMasters farm in Wixom or his home in Southfield, which was just a few minutes from the Red Fox restaurant, I did not have any real evidence. Inasmuch as we believed we knew the location, we needed to arrange for a ground-penetrating-radar examination of the site. Linteau was out to lunch when Hoffa stopped by and so Hoffa talked to some of the staff present and left a message for Linteau before he left for the Machus Red Fox. Forty years ago today, formerTeamsters President James R. Hoffa went to the Machus Red Fox restaurant on Telegraph (now the site of Andiamo Bloomfield Township), believing he was to have a "peace conference" with mob boss Tony Provenzano. Bloomfield Hills is a small city in Oakland County, Michigan, 20 miles northwest of Detroit. Top with wedges of tomatoes, red . The Machus Red Fox is a restaurant located in a busy shopping plaza at the intersection of Telegraph Road and West Maple, just north of 14 Mile Road. However, Fox News, at first, did not take him seriously and reneged on its agreement to pay for Cappolas plane fare from Florida to New Jersey which forced me to pay that expense personally. Celebrating the GPR success, along with discussing Frank Cappolas amazing story, the Post article did not mention either Eric Shawn or me. But, recognizing how busy the FBI is with pending 21st century problems such as the Capitol Insurrection and foreign cyber-warfare, among other serious national-security threats I can understand why the Bureau is taking a considerable amount of time to solve a 20th century mystery. This is the house salad from Machus Red Fox restaurant (now closed) in Bloomfield Township, Michigan--better known as the restaurant where Jimmy Hoffa was last seen. In a large bowl combine 1 medium head of chopped romaine with 1 head of chopped iceberg lettuce. Based on the statements of Ralph Picardo, a flipped federal witness, U.S. prosecutors and FBI special agents sought and obtained a search warrant for the PJP Landfill and served it on PJPs owner-operators, Phillip Moscato and Paul Cappola, on December 11, 1975, ostensibly looking for Armand Faugno, a murdered mobbed-up Jersey City loanshark. If I did, they would gently guide me back onto the proper path without violating their oaths. The Red Fox Restaurant was opened by restaurateur Harris Machus in 1965 and was known for its award-winning food. What great Birmingham memories. Shows the inflation! As a quid pro quo, Shawn agreed to showcase my work about Cappola and PJP in his next broadcast report for Fox and to help my team publicize our project. Later that night, I was thinking about our phone call and wondered how did a salad get the name Machus Red Fox? He also agreed to cooperate with the law enforcement community and to take a polygraph test. Released from prison in 1971, Hoffa tried again to become president of the union. Jimmy Hoffa is standing outside the Machus Red Fox Restaurant in Bloomfield Township, Michigan steadily getting angrier as it approaches 20 minutes after 2 pm. 6676 telegraph Sorry, no records were found. 2023 www.hometownlife.com. Hoffa had links to organized crime figures and was convicted in 1964 of attempting to bribe a grand juror. The Fox producer who had earlier arranged for the wrong area to be emptied immediately redeemed himself by somehow arranging for the removal of several dumpsters that were obstructing the location where the barrels were detected. Charles Crimaldi, a member of the Chicago Outfit, had persuaded me during an exclusive interview that, after the murder, Hoffas body was taken by truck to a location where he was crushed and smelted in a car compactor. However, both persons denied the existence of such an appointment. The restaurant hosted the wedding reception for Hoffa's son. Bloomfield Hills, MI 48301. Lost the lease in 1998, it's now a chain Italian joint. Menus. A Machus Salad has tossed greens; blue cheese . When we moved to California in the seventies we actually had a dear friend ship us bottles of the dressing! The chocolate chip cookies from the attached bakery were out of this world. The only person Paul told was his oldest son, Frank. If this item contains incorrect or inappropriate information please, Relevant I lived there (in Bloomfield) Search Reddit posts and comments - see average sentiment, top terms, activity per day and more The leaves should be lightly dressed and not soggy. Machus was not pleased with the notoriety brought to the restaurant due to the connection to the mafia via Hoffa's disappearance. The address is now one of the locations of the Metro Detroit Italian restaurant chain, . Salad would accompany main dish. It read: "TG 230 Wed 14 Mile Tel Fox Rest Maple Road." This was a reference to a planned meeting between Hoffa and Anthony Giacalone at the Machus Red Fox restaurant on Maple Road in Bloomfield Hills, Detroit, the location where Hoffa was last seen. And the Lettuce was extremely cold as well. The FBI said in a 1975 memo it believed Hoffa's disappearance "is directly connected with his attempts to regain power within the Teamsters union, which would possibly have an effect on the (mob La Cosa Nostra) control and manipulation of the Teamster Pension Fund.". Machus Red Fox closed in 1996 and an Italian restaurant, Andiamo, is now located in its place. Learn More! Jimmy Hoffa While many wealthy and socially elite chose Machus Red Fox for their dinner venue, Jimmy Hoffa was perhaps the restaurant's most regular celebrity patron. Defying Moscato in retaliation for this unwanted task, Cappola interred the body at a location that only he knew under a section of the nearby Pulaski Skyway and about 150 to 300 yards from where Moscato had instructed him to bury it. To be sure, though, based on Picardos information, federal agents tried but failed to find Hoffa. Wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa Nearby cities: The Registered Agent on file for this company is Robert J. Machus and is located at 364 N Cranbrook, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48301. 4 June 1951, Hobbies The Magazine For Collectors Vol. Season with kosher salt to taste. 6676 Telegraph Rd, Bloomfield Twp, MI 48301, USAis the address ofMachus Red Fox, , GPR7+WQ Bloomfield Township, MI. In response, Shawn sent me a harsh email, critical of my indiscreet comment. There had to be a story there, right? Please adjust your search criteria and try again. It was positioned as a restaurant for high demands (in the English country style) with hunting club motifs and had around 270 seats. Hoffa disappeared on July 30, 1975, after he had gone out to the meeting with Provenzano and Giacalone. This restaurant used to be the old Greenfield cafeteria. . On the afternoon of July 30, 1975, former Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa left the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox Restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, never to be seen again. I had everything riding on a successful outcome of the GPR review. I hope you enjoy the salad, Julie! All four of us agreed that no one would accept any money until Hoffas body was recovered and positively identified by the FBI. They were savory and a mix of white and brown bread, crunchy and crushed almost to crumbs. You must be signed in to add to a collection. It is a simple chopped salad with wedges of ripe tomatoes, rings of red onion, crumbled roquefort and chopped crisp bacon. Telephone +12488659300 Time 30m. It was wonderful! West Bloomfield Beacon . Anxious to try your recipe! On the afternoon of July 30, 1975, former Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa left the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox Restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, never to be seen again. HO Manchus the founder was a war hero. The Museum is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization with a mission to advance the public understanding of organized crime's history and impact on American society. I love this salad! Presumed dead in 1982. The Fox & Hounds Salad $2.95+. If serving immediately, toss with enough of the dressing to lightly coat the leaves, not drench the lettuce. This scant flavor made the salad all the more alluring and delicious. James "Jimmy" Hoffa was last seen on July 30, 1975, at the Machus Red Fox Restaurant near Bloomfield Township, Michigan, just 25 miles from Detroit. Chill all items while you make the dressing. After that limited area was cleared and the GPR technician went back to work, the 12-foot-by-three-foot perimeter of steel barrels stretched to 12-by-15. Then top those dressed greens with wedges of tomatoes (I used campari), the chopped crisp bacon pieces, crumbles of blue cheese and slices of red onion. Hoffa wrote Giacalones initials and the time and location of the meeting in his office calendar: TG2 p.m.Red Fox.. I personally paid for Franks travel expenses from Florida. The company has 1 contact on record. Meantime, I understood that Shawn, whom I now considered a friend, was caught in the middle. 4. Just the right crunch on top, but not jaw breakers. I dined at Machus Red Fox many times and loved their salad. Of course, my mom had already made a copycat version of the Machus Red Fox salad dressing and replied back to the newspaper, Im assuming via postal mail and The Tribune printed my moms recipe in the newspaper, giving her full credit. Sweet ordered Chicken Picata. "I don't get that much any more," he added. Machus Restaurants And Pastry Shops is a Michigan Assumed Name filed on June 15, 1988. However, federal agents did not have a specific location to search for Hoffas body within the 34-acre site, so they came up empty. Although they conceded nothing, I got them on the record about Andrettas prison visit to Picardo, as well as Briguglios concern about the accusations against him as Hoffas actual killer and his knowledge of Brother Moscatos Dump. The company's filing status is listed as Expired and its File Number is 033816. Because of the worldwide Covid-19 pandemic and other obstacles, we did not sign our contract with Ample, which would arrange for the mechanics of the GPR and a possible excavation, until August 2020. At the time of Hoffas disappearance, Wells and his family lived on the McMaster family farm. American labor-union leader Jimmy Hoffa was last seen at the Red Fox Restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan near Detroit. Mix together the oil, vinegar, sugar, salt and pepper. Hoffa refused and took legal action against the stipulation . All rights reserved. and remember that salad! This is the part of the story we all know: On July 30, 1975, Hoffa. that apple doesnt fall to far from the tree.;). Also called and taking the Fifth was Rolland McMaster, a powerful Teamsters official whom I believed from the outset of my investigation was responsible for the disposal of Hoffas body. Its the perfect salad for just about anything. Any idea how they made their garlic bread Dave? Hoffas disappearance remains one of the 20th centurys great unsolved mysteries. "The customers are very loyal and they expect a certain level of service and food, and I believe we've delivered that over the last 20 years," Vicari said. The plan was for Chef Aldo to stay for six months to get things off the ground, but he was with the company for more than 20 years, until his passing in 2011 at age 89. I worked at the Birmingham Machus a long time ago. Fraser And Mrs. F.W. Jimmy Hoffa en 1965. Courtesy of Dan Moldea (Copyright 2019 by Dan E. Moldea), The story of Al Capone and Eliot Ness is headed for Showtime. Then--Machus Red Fox Restaurant Now--Joe Vicari's Andiamo Restaurant This was the last known place that teamster Jimmy Hoffa was last seen. In the end, the Fox producer was wrong. Chophouse Tomato Salad $3.95+. James "Jimmy" Hoffa was last seen on July 30, 1975, at the Machus Red Fox Restaurant near Bloomfield Township, Michigan, just 25 miles from Detroit. Nothing but great! with this post, location or person. Since a witness testified that Hoffa got into a car with multiple occupants in the back seats in the parking lot, it was theorized that Hoffa was being moved to another location. It was too late to text my mom, so I did a quick Google search [bless you technology!] Shawn and I, along with everyone else present, were cautiously jubilant. No one can get close to The Spot for any unauthorized digging or malicious vandalism. At one point, in the midst of an argument about Shawn, Cappola threatened to cease his cooperation with me. Tear lettuce into bite-sized pieces. Hoffa was last seen at the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Township, Michigan - more than 900 miles from the golf course - on July 30, 1975 A number of theories have popped up over. Machus Red Fox in Bloomfield Hills, MI About Search Results Sort: Default 1. It was a hot July afternoon, nearly 92 degrees, when Teamsters president and labor icon Jimmy Hoffa is said to have opened the rear door of a maroon 1975 Mercury in the parking lot of the Machus. 5 July 1959, Hobbies The Magazine For Collectors Vol. Over the past few years I've been on a mission to find and create recipes that I can make from scratch. What we know is that he was last seen in the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Township, Michigan on July 30, 1975. Asked by the FBI to speculate, Picardo said he believed that Salvatore Briguglio, another key Provenzano associate, had killed Hoffa and that he might be buried at Brother Moscatos Dump in Jersey City, New Jersey, under the Pulaski Skyway, the bridge that connects Jersey City and Newark. During the immediate aftermath of Hoffas disappearance, speculation about Hoffas fate ran rampant. Address 6676 Telegraph Rd, Bloomfield Twp, MI 48301. But, respecting the traditional one-way-street ritual between reporters and the FBI, no federal agent had ever spoon-fed information to me. The report says the search was conducted in. However, I do know from our sources on the ground in Jersey City that the area pinpointed by the late Frank Cappola has been protected for several months. Get Directions. THEN you add the blue cheese, onion and bacon on top of the greens. I am anxious to try this! Cant wait to make it. Imagine that? Sometime between 2:15-3:30 p.m., Hoffa is believed to have called his wife and friend Louis . (WXYZ) A report in the New York Times says federal investigators conducted a search for the body of Jimmy Hoffa in a New Jersey landfill in October. If the search came up empty, regardless of the state of the site, I assumed that my project was dead and that no one would be returning my phone calls. Hoffa was involved with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters union as an organizer from 1932 to 1975. He also pushed for auto safety legislation. O'Brien . Consequently, I have to wonder what Fox has planned for this monumental, history-making story if and when my work, culminating my 46-year investigation, is confirmed by the FBI. Well, my Sweetie suggested Andiamo. machus red fox Inasmuch as I was in a use it or lose it situation and needed the FBI, as required by law, to perform the excavation, I was more than happy to oblige. I remember going to Machus on Wood word with my grandma when I was 12 and having this salad thinking it was the best thing! Yield 6-8 serving(s) In fact, I told both agents that, from soup to nuts, my team wanted to give them everything they needed on a silver platter, leaving them with nothing to do but DNA the contents of the unmarked barrel at the bottom of that unmarked grave under the Pulaski Skyway. Waldkirch is a town in Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany, located 15 kilometers northeast of Freiburg im Breisgau.While the English translation of its name is Forest Church, it is known as the "town of mechanical organs", where fairground organs played on the streets were long manufactured by such well-known firms as Carl Frei (later of Breda, Netherlands), Andreas Ruth and Son, and Wilhelm Bruder .