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As far as I can see the CRSP/Compustat Merged dataset includes the desired linking variables for merging with CRSP. You signed in with another tab or window. for example permno 49322 link to IBES ticker ARB and ARLI, both score are zero. Chat and SHARE. Issue file: ALLCMMASTER_ISSUE.PIP.gz. (located in /wrds/comp/sasdata/na/security/). The following code will delete the duplicate observations. ; IBES-CRSP Link Historical matching of IBES TICKER with CRSP PERMNO. I tried that and said to my coach and he said that using CUSIP is not the right way of merging COMPUSTAT and IBES. The main problem of linking Compustat with IBES is not the fact that Compustat's cusip is 9 character, whereas IBES is 8-character. These files are intended for use with the CRSP SAS and ACII stock files and Compustat data files that contain GVKEYs and IIDs. Dear Kai, 600+ datasets from more than 50 vendors across multiple disciplines are accessible to support users at all experience levels. To ensure that the data from different datasets applies to the same company, researchers need tools to convert permanent identifiers from one to another or to link data from different datasets for the same companies. Thank you for your material. Dealscan records can be linked to Compustat using the Roberts Dealscan-Compustat Linking Database. Select the Slide Deck for a guided assignment on this topic. Sorry, no, but clearly the thread is visible again. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Use MathJax to format equations. The code is available on my GitHub: https://github.com/snauhaus/link_compustat_ibes. Login or. Issuer file: ALLCMMASTER_ISSUER.PIP.zip Type in the name, CUSIP, ticker, or various other identifiers of the company and WRDS will find corresponding elements. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? jhye richardson brothers; bridget kelly daughter of gene kelly; barbara joyce rupard wikipedia; kildonan commons independent living; volusia county drug bust 2021; austin alexander beatie; anairis clemente death; merge ibes with compustat. Corporate actions (name change, merger, reorganization, chapter 11 or reverse stock split) Wharton Research Data Services. The linking types are listed as mnemonics. WRDS - create dataset with Compustat, CRSP and IBES identifiers. Thanks for your response. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Promote Code Transparency and Reusability in Accounting Research, /* Compustat: COMPANY Dataset Vs. NAMES Dataset, https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/wrds/support/Additional%20Support/WRDS%20Knowledge%20Base%20with%20FAQs.cfm?folder_id=658&article_id=2837 */, The main problem of linking Compustat with IBES is not the fact that Compustat's cusip is 9, character, whereas IBES is 8-character. PERMCO and PERMNO are unique permanent identification numbers assigned by CRSP to all companies listed in CRSP dataset. Furthermore there is also a IBES ticker but this one is not the same as the ticker from COMPUSTAT. I would guess that they produce slightly different results, since my script doesn't account for the date as the SAS script does, Mapping I/B/E/S to Compustat via 6-digit CUSIP, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Quantitative Finance site design and logo Draft, Mapping international firms in I/B/E/S to Compustat, Mapping symbols between tickers, Reuters RICs and Bloomberg tickers. It supports the following methods: - Link via CRSP - Link via S_SECURITY Notes: - Output can be specified manually or via argparse - References: The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. * Merging IBES and CRSP datasets using ICLINK table; where a.ticker=b.ticker and b.permno=c.permno and. Can I tell police to wait and call a lawyer when served with a search warrant? Tabs Key Features Documentation Comprehensive data We do the hard work for you of mapping our PERMNO's to their GVKEY codes. The option -m (or --method) can be used to specify the method with which the two tables should be merged (see above). To convert 6 digit CUSIPs to 8 digit CUSIPs and vice versa, see the Cusip FAQ. Convert tickers orNCUSIPcodes intoPERMCOorPERMNO. to use Codespaces. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The following is a list of common elements in some of the most heavily used financial databases. Quantitative Finance Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for finance professionals and academics. You signed in with another tab or window. In some rare instances, CRSP must provide a different name from Compustat's in order to maintain uniqueness across the Compustat data groups and https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/wrds/support/Additional%20Support/WRDS%20Knowledge%20Base%20with%20FAQs.cfm?folder_id=658&article_id=2837 */ Thank you very much!! In order to use this macro, youneed to add the following line to your autoexec.sas file in your WRDS home directory (see here for details): options sasautos=('/wrds/wrdsmacros/', SASAUTOS) MAUTOSOURCE; Hi Kai, I usually use Cyberduck, a FTP-like app on my Mac to access and edit this file. Many thanks for the codes and they really help a lot! Clone with Git or checkout with SVN using the repositorys web address. The main issue is that Compustat Cusip is header. merge ibes with compustat. The code below is untested. Is there a way to combine the two databases for international (also not cross-listed) firms? Moreover, most forecasted measures, such as ROA or turnover, also seem firm-specific, not security-specific to me. Did you figer it out how to do this merge? Your email address will not be published. * STEP ONE: Create Linking Table with 8-digit CUSIP; ************************************************************************************/. You do not have permission to delete messages in this group, Either email addresses are anonymous for this group or you need the view member email addresses permission to view the original message. Code: ssc install savesome savesome if _merge==1 using masternomatch savesome if _merge==2 using usingnomatch clear use masternomatch merge 1:1 ticker yr using usingnomatch Devra Supported methods are via CRSP and via G_Security. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? Or has to use SSH to access and change autoexec.sas file? If you want a more comprehensive map between GVKEY and IBES Ticker, check out on of the recent, research applications on WRDS (P/E Ratio), which demonstrates how to obtain a linking table, between GVKEY and IBES Ticker using CRSP-Compustat Merged product as well as WRDS ICLINK product).*/. The following is a list of common elements in some of the most heavily used financial databases. The Compustat-CRSP merged (CCM) database itself is a product that already contains all of the CRSP pricing data and all of Compustat's fundamental data merged into one product. The created dataset will include the Compustat records with missing permno and missing Ibes ticker. How can we prove that the supernatural or paranormal doesn't exist? */, /* SPEDIS(cname,comnam)=0 is a perfect score and SPEDIS < 30 is usually good */, /* enough to be considered a name match. I tried to follow the Codes on the WRDS Website and created a merged dataset using linking tables. Is a PhD visitor considered as a visiting scholar? * STEP THREE: Link GVKEYS to CRSP Identifiers; * Use CCMXPF_LNKHIST table to obtain CRSP identifiers for our subset of companies/dates; *****************************************************************************************/. Macro that creates a dataset with Compustat, CRSP and IBES identifiers (gvkey, permno, Ibes ticker), @compvars: list of variables to get from compustat, default value: at sale ceq ni, @minscore: ibes iclink minimum score (0 [default] is best score, 6 worst, see iclink.sas). Convert 8-digit CUSIPS into 9 and 6-digit CUSIPs. CUSIP Master File as of January 11, 2020. I tried to use the CCM linking table, but then I am left with Canadian firms only, so this is no opportunity.I tried to use the ISIN and SEDOL from Compustat to obtain the IBES CUSIP but that does not work either. Since Compustat is firm-specific, it shouldn't matter for most forecasts which security we're looking at. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? destiny 2 player base by platform. * Possible IBES ID (names) file to use (as of April 2006); * Detail History: ID file : 23808 unique US and Canadian company IBES TICKERs; * Summary History: IDSUM File: 15576 unique US company IBES TICKERs; * Recommendation Summary Statistics: RECDSUM File 12465 unique US company IBES tickers; * It seems that the Summary History Identifier file IDSUM is best. MM-dd= 2 digit Month-2 digit day, CUSIP Master file names: Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. Each Compustat item in the CCM database has a unique mnemonic text name, itm_name, maintained by CRSP. keene, ca haunted hospital; ripley county drug bust; riverside county property tax due dates 2021; delaware county daily times archives; Gelito Coffee Jelly. Use the Linking Suite to link CRSP stocks to corporate bonds in TRACE, options in Optionmetrics, earnings forecasts in IBES, or intraday data in TAQ. Please Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? I use FileZilla to download data, and now you can find SECURITY table under this route: /wrdslin/comp/sasdata/naa/security/security.sas7bdat. COMPUSTAT database is using a 9 CUSIP code as identifier and IBES is using 8 CUSIP code as identifier. SAS macro to get analysts EPS consensus for a given fiscal period end (DATADATE) by a selected date (DATE), https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/wrds/support/Additional%20Support/WRDS%20Knowledge%20Base%20with%20FAQs.cfm?folder_id=658&article_id=2837, A test on Stata running speed on MacBook Pro (M1 Pro chip) and old Macs, My thoughts on Python for accounting research, Use Stata to do propensity score matching (PSM), Export a SAS dataset to Stata with all variable names converted to lowercase, Calculate delta (pay-performance sensitivity), vega (risktaking incentives), and firm-specific wealth (inside equity) for executives on Execucomp, Use Python to download lawsuit data from Stanford Law Schools Securities Class Action Clearinghouse, Stata command to create Fama-French industry classifications based on SIC codes. as select a. Are you sure you want to create this branch? cva hunter disassembly. Also see the Stanford guide. Quantitative Finance Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for finance professionals and academics. How can this new ban on drag possibly be considered constitutional? * STEP FOUR: Option 2: Alternative way of matching CRSP data; * Match accounting data with fiscal yearends in month 't'. 1 GVKEY-PERMNO link table First, we need to create a GVKEY-PERMNO link table. AA collects restatement disclosure. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? (most recent), whereas IBES Cusip is hsitorical (as of date). Interesting. */ create table aa3 as select a. I will test it later. proc sql; CRSP/Compustat Merged Database is now available in SAS, ASCII, and R formats! (If you do, please post here to tell us you have done so.). script: link_compustat_ibis.py author: Steffen Nauhaus date: Spring 2018 This script creates a mapping table between IBES and Compustat. I tried both now and the main issue with the CUSIP method seems to be that when the ownership of a company changes, the two historic and header CUSIPs track the change differently on occasion. 8:00 - 23:00 . The following program is used to link each financial restatement in Audit Analytics to Compustat, CRSP, and I/B/E/S. ** and constructing an effective date range for each historical CUSIP; proc sort data=CRSP.STOCKNAMES out=CRSP1 (keep=PERMNO NCUSIP comnam namedt nameenddt); min(namedt)as namedt,max(nameenddt) as nameenddt. How to show that an expression of a finite type must be one of the finitely many possible values? intnx('month',a.STATPERS,0,'E') = intnx('month',c.date,0,'E'); * STEP SIX: Link IBES, CRSP and Conpustat. create table aa1 The first one is that firm has different share classes and IBES also include the forecast of different securities of a firm. Correct me if I am wrong. Hi Kai, Therefore matching through Cusips is likely to be correct for many cases but not all. However now I need analyst forecast data for a paper where all variables are yearly and I am not sure how to perform the merge -- what time variable should I use in the merge? crabapple vs cherry tree / a thunderstorm is a connection between what two spheres / a thunderstorm is a connection between what two spheres Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string, Is there a solutiuon to add special characters from software and how to do it, Recovering from a blunder I made while emailing a professor, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US, ERROR: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW WITH DATA cannot be executed from a function. Instantly share code, notes, and snippets. *, b.ibtic from aa2 a left join It will download I/B/E/S, CRSP, and a Compustat-CRSP linktable from WRDS SQL server and merge the three tables in order to create a linktable for I/B/E/S and Compustat. Easily Link tables between the most frequently-used databases on the WRDS platform: Bond-CRSP Link Directly link fixed income data at the individual bond level to the equity data from the CRSP database. label fdate="First Start date of CUSIP record"; label ldate="Last Start date of CUSIP record"; ** Similarly, we will prepare the CRSP PERMNO CUSIP set using the STOCKNAMES dataset. */, /* "SCORE" levels: */, /* - 0: BEST match: using (cusip, cusip dates and company names) */, /* or (exchange ticker, company names and 6-digit cusip) */, /* - 1: Cusips and cusip dates match but company names do not match */, /* - 2: Cusips and company names match but cusip dates do not match */, /* - 3: Cusips match but cusip dates and company names do not match */, /* - 4: Exch tickers and 6-digit cusips match but company names do not match */, /* - 5: Exch tickers and company names match but 6-digit cusips do not match */, /* - 6: Exch tickers match but company names and 6-digit cusips do not match */, /* ICLINK Example: */, /* TICKER CNAME PERMNO COMNAM SCORE */, /* BAC BANKAMERICA CORPORATION 58827 BANKAMERICA CORP 0 */, /* DELL DELL INC 11081 DELL INC 0 */, /* FFS 1ST FED BCP DEL 75161 FIRST FEDERAL BANCORP DE 3 */, /* IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES 12490 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHS CO 0 */, /* MSFT MICROSOFT CORP 10107 MICROSOFT CORP 0 */. But I wonder in this case, should we use the CRSP shares outstanding since it will bypass the stock split if we use the unadjust file of IBES? While there are many people on this forum who do finance analytics, and I hope that one of them will give you the answer you are looking for, you might have better luck if you also cross-post this to a user-forum related specifically to COMPUSTAT, IBES, or finance analytics generally. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The score also includes a penalty for differences in */, /* company names-- CNAME in IBES and COMNAM in CRSP. Your email address will not be published. By definition, this may be not a one-to-one match. Top of Section WRDS globally-accessed, efficient web-based service gives researchers access to accurate, vetted data and WRDS doctoral-level experts. Requires WRDS login credentials. Notifications. This asks the script to create a link table in the user's home path. Posted 08-28-2016 11:05 PM(9486 views) I am having a problem in merging two datasets--COMPUSTAT annual and CRSP Monthly Stock file. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Step 2 (optional): Select individual linking options if needed. Use MathJax to format equations. The main problem of linking Compustat with IBES is not the fact that Compustat's cusip is 9 character, whereas IBES is 8-character. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. sign in ACMD[MM-dd]R.PIP : Issuer file Python script to create a mapping table between I/B/E/S and Compustat. If you are familiar with Linux-like command line, you can simply access and edit this file via Terminal (or anything equivalent on PC). I linked compustat - crsp and crsp - ibes, but I don't know how to combine all three datasets. * Create 8-digit CUSIP using "NAMES" file; data compcusip (keep = gvkey cusip cusip8 tic); *Extract CRSP Cusip from "STOCKNAMES" file; proc sort data=crsp.stocknames (keep=cusip permco permno)out=crspcusip nodupkey; * Merge Compusat cusip with CRSP cusip and create table "total"; where compcusip.cusip8 = crspcusip.cusip; * Selected GVKEYS-- use quotes to be consistent with character variables; * Date range-- applied to FYEAR (Fiscal Year); * Make extract from Compustat Quarterly Funda file; if indfmt='INDL' and datafmt='STD' and popsrc='D' and consol='C'; * create begin and end dates for fiscal year; sxa= sale/at; * compute sales over assets ratio; /****************************************************************************************. I was wondering if you're still looking for an answer. I need monthly or quarterly data. Star 12. By using WRDS tools, researches can easily perform the following operations: CRSP> Tools > Translate toPERMCO/PERMNO, https://libguides.stanford.edu/library/wrds. and Workshops, Ask Us! Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. wealth rank calculator australia; merge ibes with compustat. why is poverty island closed to the public MSY: 1021 Airline Dr, Kenner, LA 70062 (Free Shuttle) 8:00 - 23:00 24-Hour Drop Off Text / WhatsApp: 504-500-1885 merge ibes with compustat (504) 500-1880. Thank you in advance! This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. To merge via G_security, run. Twitter. WRDS has a few research applications intended to demonstrate possible approaches that can, be used in order to merge Compustat GVKEY to IBES ticker. For more information, click here . What am I doing wrong here in the PlotLegends specification? The short and intermediate-term risk-adjusted returns associated with the earnings announcements are also calculated. A python script to create a mapping table between I/B/E/S and Compustat. Data exported from Capital IQ, FactSet, Bloomberg, Compustat, how to treat NA values in Compustat and CRSP, Bloomberg Ticker mapping with Reuters RIC, Old codes for Companies (CUSIP/ISIN/SEDOL). For example, when a sales recognition error is identified in a restatement disclosure, the sales in several prior years may be required to restate. The resultant dataset aa contains unique identifiers of Audit Analytics (res_notify_key), Compustat (gvkey), CRSP (permno), and I/B/E/S (ibtic). * Merge Compusat cusip with CRSP cusip and create table "total"; proc sql; create table total as select compcusip. And if we do so, how can we deal with the difference between the different shares outstanding since the earning-per-share data is based on the shares outstanding from Compustat. Your posts are super helpful and I really enjoyed reading them. solar mosaic subordination. intck('month',a.endfyr,b.date)between 3 and 14; proc download data=comp_CRSP out=mylocal.ccmfundaex; *download output dataset to local location; * STEP FIVE: CUSIP Method to Link IBES TICKERS and CRSP PERMNOs; * Complete list of the IBES TICKERs for all U.S. companies tracked by IBES, ** Generate a complete list of the IBES TICKERs for US companies along with all associated historical CUSIPs. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? It does not require any input other than valid WRDS login credentials. I do not have a good idea now and sorry I cannot give you a more positive reply. * CRSP exchange ticker renamed to crsp_ticker to avoid confusion with IBES TICKER; /* Merge remaining unmatched cases using Exchange Ticker */, /* Note: Use ticker date ranges as exchange tickers are reused overtime */, /* Score using company name using 6-digit CUSIP and company name spelling distance */, /* Some companies may have more than one TICKER-PERMNO link, */, /* so re-sort and keep the case (PERMNO & Company name from CRSP) */, /* that gives the lowest score for each IBES TICKER (first.ticker=1) */, /* Step 3: Add Exchange Ticker links to CUSIP links */, /* Create final link table and save it in home directory */, /* Create Labels for ICLINK dataset and variables */. Shouldnt we keep the ones with highest scores? If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? sample usage: %CCI(dsout=work.a_cci, start=2000, end=2014); Invoke the macro from a filed that is saved in the same directory (this is needed for SAS to figure out. Supply Chain with IDs (Compustat Segment). /* determine file path (for relative paths) */, /* syslput pushes macro variables to the remote connection */, /* upload iclink.sas (file iclink needs to be in same directory as this file) */, /* execute iclink.sas (creates home.iclink) */, /* Firms in Compustat in fiscal year range*/, /* require fyear to be within start-end range */, /* Match with CCM linktable to get permno */, /* Match with home.iclink to get Ibes ticker */, /*******************************************************************************************/, /* FileName: iclink.sas */, /* Date: Sept 25, 2006 */, /* Author: Rabih Moussawi */, /* Description: Create IBES - CRSP Link Table */, /* FUNCTION: - Creates a link table between IBES TICKER and CRSP PERMNO */, /* - Scores links from 0 (best link) to 6 */, /* */, /* INPUT: */, /* - IBES: IDUSM file */, /* - CRSP: STOCKNAMES file */, /* OUTPUT: ICLINK set stored in home directory */, /* ICLINK has 15,187 unique IBES TICKER - CRSP PERMNO links */, /* ICLINK contains IBES TICKER and the matching CRSP PERMNO and other fields: */, /* - IBES and CRSP Company names */, /* - SCORE variable: lower scores are better and high scores may need further */, /* checking before using them to link CRSP & IBES data. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? run; Sorted already in the previous PROC step. It helps me a lot! GitHub. /* Compustat: COMPANY Dataset Vs. NAMES Dataset Example: COMPUSTAT DATA: gvkey datadate yr indfmt consol popsrc datafmt tic cusip Different datasets in WRDS are collected from different sources, e.g. Thanks very much! It is a m:1 match, right? The script can either perform the merge via the CRSP key or via G_security. I am wondering how to identify the year the restated financial statements were originally issued? Using the CRSP/Compustat Merged Database (CCM) to extract data is one of the fundamental steps in most finance studies. Thank you for your reply! Learn more. Norm of an integral operator involving linear and exponential terms. The name penalty is */, /* based upon SPEDIS, which is the spelling distance function in SAS. ; Daily TAQ-CRSP Link TAQ symbol root and CRSP PERMNO. ** The data needs to be arranged by deleting rows with duplicate CUSIP information for each PERMNO. Also ensure you are SSHing the right server (wrds-cloud.wharton.upenn.edu) since WRDS is transitioning to its new Cloud server recently. It looks like the comp.company only keeps one CIK record for each gvkey, so I guess its the header CIK. The only halfway useful info I could find was on a two year old forum post, which suggests to go through a third database (CRSP) via a link table. For example, if a company ceases to exist, its ticker may be reassigned to another company; a company may be allotted multiple CUSIPs caused by corporate structural changes. Thanks for contributing an answer to Quantitative Finance Stack Exchange! It can be constructed from, both, the 8-digit "old" CUSIP of I/B/E/S as well as the "new" 9-digit CUSIP on Compustat. Dealscan records can be linked to Compustat using the Roberts Dealscan-Compustat Linking Database. I'm trying to merge two databases with each other: IBES with COMPUSTAT. I want to perform a joint analysis of US stocks and exUS stocks. which makes use of the WRDS macro iclink to merge CRSP and IBES: https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/wrds/research/macros/sas_macros/iclink.cfm. This is basically not a Stata or statistics question. Dear Kai, Common Identifier Used for Linking - SEDOL. merge ibes with compustat Menu shinedown problematic. It only takes a minute to sign up. The script can either perform the merge via the CRSP key or via G_security. Why are Suriname, Belize, and Guinea-Bissau classified as "Small Island Developing States"? For generic linking, WRDS suggests to link based on ISIN (see https://wrds-www.wharton.upenn.edu/pages/support/manuals-and-overviews/thomson-reuters/datastream/refinitiv-datastream-overview/), while others propose as alternative to link based on CUSIP (e.g., https://libguides.princeton.edu/MatchFinancial). Easily Link tables between the most frequently-used databases on the WRDS platform: The Bond CRSP Link requires subscriptions to TRACE/Enhanced TRACE and CRSP databases; the IBES CRSP Link requires subscriptions to IBES and CRSP databases; the OptionMetrics CRSP Link requires subscriptions to OptionMetrics and CRSP databases; both the Daily and the Monthly TAQ CRSP Links require subscriptions to either daily or monthly TAQ and CRSP databases; the BoardEx CRSP Compustat Link requires subscriptions to BoardEx, CRSP, and Compustat; the Refinitiv/Thomson Reuters Insiders to BoardEx link requires subscriptions to Refinitiv/Thomson Reuters Insiders and BoardEx; the Supply Chain with IDs requires subscriptions to Compustat, CRSP and CCM. Minimising the environmental effects of my dyson brain. Compustat - GVKEY. I'm not fully sure for EPS forecasts, but usually we wouldn't see multiple simultaneous issues at the same time either if I'm not mistaken. Fork 4. For US stocks, I want to use CRSP-Compustat linked data (linking can be done using CRSP/Compustat Merged Database - Linking Table), and for the exUS stocks, I want to use Datastream-Worldscope linked data (linking can be done using Worldscope Datastream Link). To merge via G_security, run python3 link_compustat_ibes.py -o ~/linktable2.csv -m 'gsec' MathJax reference. It is a 1:1 match. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. Common Identifier Used for Linking - CUSIP. WRDS offers just such tools of commonly used link resources. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. /************************************************************************************.