région en arabe

The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries; a project known as Pan-Arabism. Cependant, elles se produisent de façon presque régulière. Historically, slavery in the Muslim world developed out of pre-Islamic practices of slavery in the Arab world. Arab States. The culture of Sudan today depends on the tribe, some have a pure Nubian, Beja, or Arabic culture and some have a mixture of Arab and Nubian elements.[43]. Sherif Hussein ibn Ali. For the purposes of this introduction, this territorial definition is combined with a linguistic one (use of the Arabic language, or its recognition as critical to identity), and thereby extended into multiple diasporas, especially the Americas, Europe, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and Australia. Por Infobae Newsroom. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. Islamism and Pan-Islamism were on the rise during the 1980s. [16], Although no globally accepted definition of the Arab world exists,[6] all countries that are members of the Arab League are generally acknowledged as being part of the Arab world.[6][17]. [6] A majority of these countries are located in Western Asia, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa; the southernmost member, the Comoros, is an island country off the coast of East Africa. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia Islam insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Disponible en anglais et arabe, ce volume est un recueil de contributions de formateurs des cours régionaux principaux du centre ICCROM-ATHAR. Southeast along the coast from Djibouti is Somalia, but the Somali coast soon makes a 90-degree turn and heads northeast, mirroring a bend in the coast of Yemen across the water to the north and defining the south coast of the Gulf of Aden. Spain still maintains two small enclaves, Ceuta and Melilla (called "Morocco Espanol"), along the otherwise Moroccan coast. Several states have declared Arabic to be an official or national language, although Arabic is not as widely spoken there. The region stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Indian Ocean in the southeast. The majority of Darija's cognates are shared with standard Arabic, but it also significantly borrows from Berber (Tamazight) substrates,[15] as well as extensively from French, the language of the historical colonial occupier of the Maghreb. [33][34], According to UNESCO, the average rate of adult literacy (ages 15 and older) in this region is 76.9%. ©2021 Reverso-Softissimo. East along the coast from Morocco are Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, followed by Egypt, which forms the region's (and the continent's) northeastern corner. [6] The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the Mashriq, and the western part as the Maghreb. Women in the Arab world are still denied equality of opportunity, although their disenfranchisement is a critical factor crippling the Arab nations' quest to return to the first rank of global leaders in commerce, learning and culture, according to a United Nations-sponsored report in 2008. He went on to subdue the rest of Nejd, Al-Hasa, Jebel Shammar, Asir, and Hejaz (location of the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina) between 1913 and 1926. [54] By grouping all the latest GDP figures, the total Arab world GDP is estimated to be worth at least $2.8 trillion in 2011. It is believed that the Arab world holds approximately 46% of the world's total proven oil reserves and a quarter of the world's natural-gas reserves.[45]. A distinctively Egyptian Arabic language emerged by the 16th century. The Arab states in changing alliances were involved in a number of wars with Israel and its western allies between 1948 and 1973, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the 1956 Suez Crisis, the Six-Day War of 1967, and the Yom Kippur War of 1973. While Arabic dialects are spoken in a number of Arab League states, Literary Arabic is official in all of them. L'arabe jordanien est un continuum de variétés d'arabe levantin mutuellement intelligibles parlées par la population du royaume hachémite de Jordanie.Ces variétés sémitiques de l'arabe sont parlés par plus de 6 millions de personnes et sont compris dans tout le Levant et, à des degrés divers, dans d'autres régions arabophones. The earliest documented use of the word Arab in reference to a people appears in the Kurkh Monoliths, an Akkadian-language record of the Assyrian conquest of Aram (9th century BCE). The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support. This boundary begins in the west with the narrow Strait of Gibraltar, the thirteen kilometer wide channel that connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic to the west, and separates Morocco from Spain to the north. [35] According to a UN survey, in the Arab world, the average person reads four pages a year and one new title is published each year for every 12,000 people. The Somali coast then takes a hairpin turn back southwest to complete the horn of Africa. The coast turns briefly but sharply south at Tunisia, slopes more gently southeastward through the Libyan capital of Tripoli, and bumps north through Libya's second city, Benghazi, before turning straight east again through Egypt's second city, Alexandria, at the mouth of the Nile. Comorian is the most widely spoken language, with Arabic having a religious significance, and French being associated with the educational system. Dictionnaire Collaboratif     Français-Arabe, 'région' également trouvé dans les traductions du dictionnaire Arabe-Français. However, the basic geography of sea, desert and mountain provides the enduring natural boundaries for this region. The majority of people in the Arab world adhere to Islam, and the religion has official status in most countries. Displays of support for Iraq by Jordan and Palestine resulted in strained relations between many of the Arab states. Ainsi que et l’abandon des accords de « libre-échange », pour sortir de la crise exacerbée par le Covid-19. The 14th-century Egyptian historian Al-Maqrizi, for instance, defines Egypt's boundaries as extending from the Mediterranean in the north to lower Nubia in the south; and between the Red Sea in the east and the oases of the Western/Libyan desert. Islands and peninsulas near the Arab coast have changed hands. Les saisons en arabe. Many of the modern borders of the Arab World were drawn by European imperial powers during the 19th and early 20th century. Along with the spine of Italy to its north, Tunisia thus marks the junction of western and eastern Mediterranean, and a cultural transition as well: west of Egypt begins the region of the Arab World known as the Maghreb include (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania). The central stretch of the highway, expected to be completed in 2010, will cross Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In Africa, Algeria (10th world) and Libya are important gas exporters. It was initially referred to in English as the "Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990. The region stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Indian Ocean in the southeast. Later and current Arab Nationalist leaders include Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya, Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad of Syria. The majority of the population speaks Somali and Afar, although Arabic is also widely used for trade and other activities.[25]. "More Turbulence in Sudan" in. Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor, Bechtold, Peter R (1991). It is surrounded by water on three sides (west, north, and east) and desert or desert scrubland on the fourth (south). Since its foundation in 1989, the UMA's most significant accomplishment has been the establishment of a 7000 km highway crossing North Africa from Mauritania to Libya's border with Egypt. Le 17 décembre 2010, il y a tout juste dix ans, un jeune vendeur de rue à Sidi Bouzid, dans le centre de la Tunisie, provoquait en s’immolant une tempête politique qui allait rapidement s’étendre au reste du pays, puis à l’ensemble de la région arabophone dans ce qu’il est convenu, depuis 2011, d’appeler « le printemps arabe ». After World War II, Pan-Arabism sought to unite all Arabic-speaking countries into one political entity. The largest country in the Arab Western Asia is Saudi Arabia (2 million km2). Comme dans tous les pays arabes, l'utilisation de … [36], Literacy rate is higher among the youth than adults. Mali and Senegal recognize Hassaniya, the Arabic dialect of the Moorish ethnic minority, as a national language. Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan record a high adult literacy rate of over 90%. Next south along the coast from Mauritania is Senegal, whose abrupt border belies the gradient in culture from Arab to indigenous African that historically characterizes this part of West Africa. [38], Table of largest cities in the Arab world by official city propers:[39]. [52], Saudi Arabia remains the top Arab economy in terms of total GDP. With the exception of Lebanon, Tunisia, Palestine, and recently Mauritania, democratic elections throughout the Arab World are generally viewed as compromised, due to outright vote rigging, intimidation of opposition parties, and severe restraints on civil liberties and political dissent. Voir toutes les publications. The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the Mashriq, and the western part as the Maghreb. Ibadi Islam is practiced in Oman, where Ibadis constitute around 75% of Muslims. Nouakchott is the westernmost capital of the Arab World and the third-westernmost in Africa, and sits on the Atlantic fringe of the southwestern Sahara. The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it transferred administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, but not the sovereignty. [12][13] In 2006, the TFG, assisted by Ethiopian troops, assumed control of most of the nation's southern conflict zones from the newly formed Islamic Courts Union (ICU). [24], Similarly, Djibouti has two official languages, Arabic and French. To the east, the Red Sea defines the boundary between Africa and Asia, and thus also between Arab Africa and Arab Western Asia. As former director of the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, Efraim Halevy, now a director at the Hebrew University said, The borders, which if you look on the maps of the middle-east are very straight lines, were drawn by British and French draftsmen who sat with maps and drew the lines of the frontiers with rulers. La région arabe peut y parvenir en tirant le meilleur parti du potentiel, de la compassion et de l’ingéniosité remarquables de ses habitants. The Pokémon franchise widely reached the Arab world in late 2000, with the first broadcast of بوكيمون، لقد اخترتك انت! In some countries, the share of women experiencing violence and abuse by intimate partner reaches 70%. The language is grammatically akin to Maghrebi Arabic. In Mauritania and Yemen, the rate is lower than the average, at barely over 50%. By some definitions,[21][27] Arab citizens of Israel may concurrently be considered a constituent part of the Arab world. Pour garantir la qualité des commentaires, nous vous prions de vous identifier. The term "Arab" often connotes the Arabian Peninsula, but the larger (and more populous) part of the Arab World is North Africa. The average GPI (Gender Parity Index) for adult literacy is 0.72, and gender disparity can be observed in Egypt, Morocco, and Yemen. For the states and territories constituting the Arab world, see definition above. (Source: Opening speech of Mahmoud Khoudri, Algeria's Industry Minister, at the 37th General Assembly of the Iron & Steel Arab Union, Algiers, May 2006). Arabs constitute around one quarter of the 1.5 billion Muslims in the Islamic world.[32]. As members of the Arab League, however, they are considered part of the Arab world under the standard territorial definition. Hence the east- and especially southeast-coast boundary of Arab Africa has historically been a gateway for maritime trade and cultural exchange with both East Africa and the subcontinent. It is mainly oriented along an east–west axis. The eastern part of the Arab world is called the Mashriq. Various indigenous languages are also spoken, which predate the spread of the Arabic language. All rights reserved. The ICU subsequently splintered into more radical groups, notably Al-Shabaab, which have since been fighting the Somali government and its AMISOM allies for control of the region. In Syria, the Damascus Spring of 2000 to 2001 heralded the possibility of democratic change, but the Baathist regime managed to suppress the movement. Si l’on en croit les projections démographiques, la région MENA devra créer 300 millions de nouveaux emplois à l’horizon 2050. The Iran–Iraq War (also known as the First Gulf War and by various other names) was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the second longest conventional war of the 20th century. Tunisie : 7e anniversaire du "Printemps arabe" 14 janvier 2018. Il y a dix ans, Mohamed Bouazizi s'immole par le feu en Tunisie. These struggles were settled by the imperial powers approving the form of independence given, so as a consequence almost all of these borders have remained. The Western Asian Arab region comprises the Arabian Peninsula, most of the Levant (excluding Cyprus and Israel), most of Mesopotamia (excluding parts of Turkey and Iran) and the Persian Gulf region. This sea is a long and narrow waterway with a northwest tilt, stretching 2,300 kilometers from Egypt's Sinai peninsula southeast to the Bab-el-Mandeb strait between Djibouti in Africa and Yemen in Arabia but on average just 150 kilometers wide. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 20 décembre 2020 à 22:48. Population centers north of it in Europe have invited contact and Arab exploration—mostly friendly, though sometimes not. These Arab states only gained their independence during or after World War II: the Republic of Lebanon in 1943, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1946, the Kingdom of Libya in 1951, the Kingdom of Egypt in 1952, the Kingdom of Morocco and Tunisia in 1956, the Republic of Iraq in 1958, the Somali Republic in 1960, Algeria in 1962, and the United Arab Emirates in 1971. The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq forces, led to the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War. The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations, culminating in the establishment of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) in 2004. A period of decentralization ensued, characterized by a return to customary and religious law in many areas as well as the establishment of autonomous regional governments in the northern part of the country. Just across the Strait of Gibraltar from Morocco, regions of the Iberian peninsula were part of the Arab World throughout the Middle Ages, extending the northern boundary at times to the foothills of the Pyrenees and leaving a substantial mark on local and wider European and Western culture. In addition Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, and Sudan all have smaller but significant reserves. In the west, it is bounded by the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. One such agreement solely between Britain and France (to the exclusion of Sherif Hussein ibn Ali), signed in total secrecy until Lenin released the full text, was the Sykes-Picot Agreement. The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of the Arabs, and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab world, a project known as Pan-Arabism. Ces cycles peuvent être modifiés dans des périodes de temps spécifiques. région - Traduction Français-Arabe : Retrouvez la traduction de région, mais également des exemples avec le mot région... - Dictionnaire, définitions, … Islamic terrorism became a problem in the Arab world in the 1970s to 1980s. There was also a mass exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon. La ONU remarca su cooperación con la Liga Árabe para lograr alcanzar estabilidad en la región. The trade winds also help explain the presence of the Comoros islands, an Arab-African country, off the coast of Mozambique, near Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, the southernmost part of the Arab World. C’est un défi de grande envergure, considérant que cet horizon n’est pas si lointain et que le temps presse. While the Arab world had been of limited interest to the European colonial powers, the British Empire being mostly interested in the Suez Canal as a route to British India, the economic and geopolitical situation changed dramatically after the discovery of large petroleum deposits in the 1930s, coupled with the vastly increased demand for petroleum in the west as a result of the Second Industrial Revolution. The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 has given rise to the Arab–Israeli conflict, one of the major unresolved geopolitical conflicts.

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