A: AP uses hyphenated e- for generic terms such as e-commerce and e-strategies. It's like APA style in that you capitalize the first word after a colon if it's the start of at least one complete sentence. When multiple letters in a title need to be capitalized, use title case capitalization. 28 0 obj <> endobj Welcome to Ask the Editor, a forum on writing, style and phrasing issues that go beyond the pages of the AP Stylebook. 10. Online and technology (the web; the internet; URL; computers; e-commerce ). Q: If we're speaking about regions of the state, should it be South Louisiana, North Louisiana and Central Louisiana? If a bulleted list contains phrases, each bullet should begin with a lowercase letter. A: AP lowercases those descriptive titles. I like apples. Over 1.5 million copies sold! The same applies when someone may refer to specific items by number. Bulleted Lists: Capitalization and Punctuation By Judy Vorfeld Did you know that before the introduction of word processing (via word processors and computers), most publications displayed lists in either outline form or numbered lists. A Were often asked whether you need a period at the end of each entry in a list. Q: Why is "doctorate in psychology" not capped, but "Bachelor of Arts" is? Vacuum windowsills and corners with a vacuum hose. By virtue of their formatting, numbered lists stand . Bulleted lists are covered in Section 6.52 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. You can also use this tool to do it automatically. Enter the email you used in your Ragan store purchase. Regards, Julia! %%EOF Example: Hampton, Va. See the stylebook for specific abbreviations. 22 December, 2021. Q: Which states are never abbreviated in datelines? Very helpful stuff! A: Use Arabic figures to indicate decades of history: the 1920s, the '80s Figures, numerals, dimensions (7-year-old boy; three years ago; 1 percent; third grade; size 9; 6-by-8-foot rug; 5 ounces; 68,000-square-foot facility). A: AP lowercases wine varietals such as cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay, and caps regional names such as Bordeaux, Sauternes and Chablis. Infants often display prosocial behaviorthat is, behavior intended to help otherswhen interacting with their parents, as demonstrated in the following examples (Hammond & Drummond, 2019): If bulleted items are words or phrases (but not complete sentences), begin each item with a lowercase letter (except words such as proper nouns). Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading. In general, capitalize formal titles used directly before a name. Anation could be oppressed by its leaders, Judy Vorfeld Repellent and Repulsive both speak to driving others away, but REPULSIVE Three horizontal centrifugal pumps with design temperature of 100 degrees F. Three electric motors, in accordance with Appendices. This option is helpful for complex or longer bulleted sentences that may be more difficult to read without the aid . Bulleted Lists: APA uses bulleted lists to avoid the perception of importance/priority connotated in numbered lists. If you feel punctuation does not matter, consider the impact of punctuation in these bullet lists: 2023 Instructional SolutionsRefund Policy | Terms | Privacy Policy. Bulleted lists. My name is Erin. It is the same across all of the four styles. Title case is the most common form of title and headline capitalization and is found in all four major title capitalization styles. Following are some questions and answers to use as guidelines: When is it better to use bullets than numbers? The capitalization chapter has new guidance on how to write about census divisions and geological formations. For more AP style tips, watch Grammar Girls Beginning and Intermediate Guide to AP Style any time. (AP Style reminds writers that it is still correct to use bullets if preferred.) When do Iuse periods and when do Ileave bulleted items without end punctuation? TITLES Should each point start with a capital letter and end with a period? Write a strong thesis statement, compose the body of your essay, complete the introduction, and. AP style provides consistent guidelines for such publications in terms of grammar, spelling, punctuation and language usage. A: In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. These aren't always the same abbreviations the mail carrier uses. in English Literature from Boston College, and a C.A.G.S. If the bulleted text is a whole sentence, uppercase the initial letter of the first word and use a period to conclude the paragraph (see "Lists, Part 5: Bulleted Lists" in the APA Style Blog . How to punctuate bullet lists can be tricky because various style guides contradict each other. Hello! All style guides agree to capitalize the first letter of the bullet list unless you opt for the "vertical lists punctuated as a sentence" format using semicolons, illustrated above. Mary founded Instructional Solutions in 1998, and is an internationally recognized business writing trainer and executive writing coach with two decades of experience helping thousands of individuals and businesses master the strategic skill of business writing. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as "play with"), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. The following rules apply to MLA headings: AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. Capitalize the second word in a hyphenated compound if both words are equal and not suffices or prefixes (e.g., Cost-Benefit), Capitalize the first non-Greek letter after a lowercase Greek letter (e.g., -Bromohexanoic), Lowercase the first non-Greek letter after a capital Greek letter (e.g., -9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Capitalize the genus but not the species epithet. Quickly convert your title or text to sentence case by simply clicking the Sentence case button in the tool above. Include periods after independent clauses, dependent clauses, and long phrases, and also after short phrases or words that are necessary to make the sentence grammatically complete: To register for the Annual Meeting: Go to aad.org. This post links directly to APA Style topics of interest that users may not even know exist on the website. Poor sleep quality has been linked with the following symptoms: The second option is to insert punctuation after the bulleted items as though the bullets were not there, which may be better when the items are longer or more complex. You can also use a colon after a partial sentence. However, most people now leave out the extra punctuation. Your points should be consistent, either all sentences or all fragments. These are perfectly acceptable, and some style guides suggest writing lists like this. Recently, we looked at how to write run-in lists, which are lists that appear inside sentences. Sentence case simply means you capitalize the first letter of a sentence, proper nouns, and nothing else as opposed to capitalizing almost every first letter in title case. Bullet point structure Don't mix and match sentence structures. A: corporate (adj.) The Gregg Reference Manual(Sabin). Young adults have many motivations for texting on their smartphones: Further information about bulleted lists is available in the Publication Manual, including how to format lists of definitions in a glossary. Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? Q: There seem to be differing opinions on whether or not to capitalize the names of grapes used to make wine. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Making sure you have the right capitalization for APA headings is crucial for scholarly articles. Bulleted lists help make information more scannable and easier to understand. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. Mr. Heckle and Mr. Jeckle enjoy several feline activities: Like ordered lists, unordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.10, People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating each list item with a period even if the item is an incomplete sentence.11. In APA 7, you have two options for punctuating bulleted phrases: to include no punctuation after each list item and after the last list item or to include commas or semicolons, as appropriate, after each list item and final punctuation at the end of the list. Do you capitalize the first word of a bullet point? Get an email every time a new blog post is published. 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream r%Q! That includes newspaper names and magazine references. Bulleted lists are appropriate when presenting a list of items in no particular order. The Associated Press Stylebook provides an A-Z guide to issues such as capitalization, abbreviation, punctuation, spelling, numerals and many other questions of language usage. Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles. Find it. document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a4470ef17940e51381fb55e5e7bde6b6" );document.getElementById("j6a5d70196").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Sign up to receive the latest articles from Ragan.com directly in your inbox. Awesome sauce! Thanks for the tips. Ordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.5, The animal shelters most generous donors were, 2. local businesses, including the hardware store, grocery store, and coffee shop; and. Instead, texts like The Canadian Style (2nd ed., 1997) offer guidelines for styling bulleted lists, some of which strike some writers (this one, for instance) as needlessly complicated. Careful punctuation also reflects thought and care. Title case is also commonly used for book titles, movies titles, song names, plays, and other works. See APA 7, Section 6.52 for examples and more information. This is ultimately a matter of stylistic preference. Punctuation (commas; quotation marks; colon; semi-colon; ellipsis ). Q: What is AP's style on the military's don't ask, don't tell policy? We could also write this list with commas instead of semicolons. 10439 W Royal Palm Rd., Peoria AZ 85345 The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating Below are examples of vertical listswhich may be unnumbered, numbered, or bulletedand how to introduce, punctuate, and capitalize them. Please list your allergies and give date of last flare-up. Q: Should the names of decades be capitalized when written out? The following example demonstrates this format as well as how to include a citation for the information in the bulleted list. When your writing is crisp, clear, and easy to understand, audiences will likely leave your site with a positive impression. Don't use the Oxford comma in a simple series before the conjunction. Follow the same capitalization rules you would follow for normal sentences. Semicolon Use in Lists A properly inserted semicolon helps to provide pause and clarifying separation in sentences. Certainly, your business writings substance and information are far more critical than exacting punctuation that technically is neither correct nor incorrect since style guides vary. A: a month's confinement, per the QUASI POSSESSIVES section of the "possessives" entry. Today we'll look at numbered lists. always refer to the style guide and doublecheck capitalization recommendations. To see what I mean, read the lead-in word or phrase then read the first item on the list. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) recommends only using complete sentences for vertical numbered list items, not incomplete sentences as shown above.6, Unordered lists are united by commonality rather than rank or sequence. Q: Is there a standard AP style for bulleted areas of text? Should the opening stem sentence end with a colon to introduce the bullet lists or use no colon? Infants are happy to participate in normal household chores, such as cleaning up. Items that are complete sentences If bulleted items are complete sentences, begin each item with a capital letter and finish it with a period or other appropriate punctuation. She excels at designing customized business writing training programs to maximize productivity, advance business objectives, and convey complex information. AP Stylebook recommends: "Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. The capitalization rules are as follows: AMA style capitalization is mainly used in the scientific community. [M zmp0&BLp$UPd67Z9Ha{0gPY "nG~h%rls 'wdt;:^2i+>f9V%EQ)j2"^e\KP"TiNc-((V A&N+E}E;SnIP There are two options for the punctuation of bulleted lists when the items are words or phrases. In general, the following capitalization rules apply across the four styles in title case: Important words in that last bullet generally refer to: Title case is the most common title capitalization for book titles, headlines, articles titles, etc. To illustrate the example, youd sayI voted on election day because I want my candidate to win. I voted on election day because I like to exercise my right to vote. I voted on election day because I believe every vote counts.. $;$ExRp" e8CQiQYgKdIw lP"1C[;d,|xk0:[#.kvZ|{wY14\.wCzb`*,a`FK{GQfl!hie "h9e tI*2$"/'O6\a>Zb=01fD?`ZTX7w$\a +!F7X o7N| *&Rp oTF G6eKeJ22N Mb[$er6_oZkh:.jFeX^Lu}]/E.tesv!8;>pi0B@09]l}llx| V:2`zXoyQ% 'w hn7_@os@`v6Y8m.sSWloK6]G\#4:RsJ.Sv1b0',K4;mgbj\l~}7N|7W}v0qp}_n]QQL~yNy?NQ2*yZ_p@PnCx'q%6\zr0nqfopzpyb"uGh7? First, it is important to note that there are four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. Bulleted lists can be used with complete sentences, phrases, or a combination. Its hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each item on the list is not a full sentence. Do not capitalize articles, prepositions (regardless of length), and coordinating conjunctions. Continue from there down the list. Gently tap the lid against a hard surface. Use a period after every bullet point that completes the introductory stem. Thanks for the catch! Follow @APStylebook AP uses dashes to introduce individual sections of a list, like this: - Put a space between the dash or bullet and the first word of each item in the list. How a list is punctuated depends on the sort of information that is being presented. This will convert your text to uppercase. How about Civil Rights Movement? When writing an argumentative essay, you would typically research a topic and adopt a certain How to Punctuate and Capitalize Bullet Points. Our amended style is website (one word, lowercase w), along with other compounds: webcam, webcast, webmaster. Capitalization, Case Internet The word internet is all lowercase (unless, of course, it starts a sentence or comes after a bullet) . endstream endobj startxref Use no punctuation after bullets that are not sentences and do not complete the stem. We have three punctuation issues to consider: Should the ending punctuation at the end of each bullet list be a period, a semicolon, or no punctuation? Note however that it is not wrong to capitalize a sentence or clause after a colon. A: AP Stylebook entry on "collective nouns" says band names take plural verbs. Ive updated. (Just like this bullet list youre reading now.). A: AP uses the numeral for acres, even when less than 10, as a dimension: 5 acres. Some guiding principles behind AP style are: Consistency Clarity Accuracy Brevity AP style also aims to avoid stereotypes and unintentionally offensive language. Capitalization and end punctuation depend on the type of list and the contents of the list. So many choices to make! 7.2.15 New section added on when to capitalize names of degree programs. driving, in which people text while in their vehicle (Schroeder & Sims, 2018). The CMS is commonly used in the publishing sphere, and AP style is more press-oriented . If that sounds like a lot to remember, think of it this way instead: as a general rule of thumb, any word that's three letters or less should not be capitalized. Complete sentences introducing ordered lists are traditionally punctuated with a colon. Published: November 13, 2012 Updated: August 22, 2020. Bullet points. And if so, when? Whether a numbered list is being used when a bullet list would be more appropriate, or vice versa, For more specific title capitalization rules, you can see the following sections which cover each style of title capitalization rules or check out our FAQs for common capitalization questions. AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. For example, are newspapers italicized? Erin Wright, 20122023. Do you need a colon to introduce a list? In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. This will automatically indent the list as well. - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. Q: Is the proper phrase "If money were no object" or "If money was no object"? 8 Tips to Make Your Writing Sound More Formal, Capitalization in APA, Chicago, MLA, and AP. Because AP recommends the colon and AP is the preferred business writing style guide, I recommend using it consistently in your business writing. AP flags such cases atop the story with an editor's note. How to Write Vertical Lists (Ordered and Unordered), How to Export PDF Tables from Adobe Acrobat to Excel (PC & Mac), How to Insert Images into Shapes in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Align the Periods in Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Password Protect Files in Microsoft Word, How to Password Protect PDFs in Adobe Acrobat (PC & Mac). AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. If necessary, rewrite the list item so that all items begin with capital letters or all items begin with lowercase words. Quickly convert your title or text to title case by simply clicking the Title Case button in the tool above. Clean windows with a newspaper and . Lists Introduced with a Complete Sentence in English from the University of Rhode Island, an M.A. They look good. AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). July 31, 2019. Alternatively, you can use our tool to convert text from lowercase to uppercase by clicking the UPPER button. The idea is that the list reads like a single sentence, with semicolons separating each point, a conjunction just before the final entry, and a period at the end.
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